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night vision device
A night vision device (NVD) is an optoelectronic device that allows images to be produced in levels of light approaching total darkness. The image may be a conversion to visible light of both visible light and near-infrared, while by convention detection of thermal infrared is denoted thermal imaging. The image produced is typically monochrome, e.g. shades of green. NVDs are most often used by the military and law enforcement agencies, but are available to civilian users. The term usually refers to a complete unit, including an image intensifier tube, a protective and generally water-resistant housing, and some type of mounting system. Many NVDs also include optical components such as a sacrificial lens,〔Sacrificial Lenses are mounted on the front or away from face lens on NVDs. Meant for protecting original lens from damage by environmental hazards.〕 or telescopic lenses or mirrors. An NVD may have an IR illuminator, making it an active as opposed to passive night vision device.
Night vision devices were first used in World War II, and came into wide use during the Vietnam War.〔(Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate - Fort Belvoir, VA )〕 The technology has evolved greatly since their introduction, leading to several "generations" of night vision equipment with performance increasing and price decreasing. Consequently, they are available for a wide range of applications, e.g. for gunners, drivers and aviators. Another term is "night optical/observation device" or NOD.
==The USA==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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